* Please contact your primary care provider to ensure mushroom supplements are right for you.
(Ad) It’s a common misconception that mushrooms are plants; they are not. Some publications describe mushrooms as “fungi.” This is half true. Mushrooms are the reproductive systems of fungi types belonging to the phyla Ascomycota or Basidiomycota. These two fungi types account for nearly 14,000 different species of mushrooms in existence today.
Edible mushrooms have many valuable nutrients with impressive health benefits. These unique fungi contain proteins, vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals that can contribute to good health and overall well-being. Edible mushrooms are also known for their great umami flavor.
In this article, we look at one area of health where mushrooms can be of great benefit—the immune system. We are all quite aware of the implications of a weak immune system. Simply put, a compromised immune system makes a person susceptible to attack by pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and toxins.
Even though our natural immunity is often good enough to protect the body, it may sometimes require supercharging to enhance its effectiveness. Here is where mushroom supplements come in.
Read on to learn more about the immune-boosting properties of mushrooms.
Here is why you should include mushrooms in your diet if you want an effective immune system.
Mushrooms demonstrate potent antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. In a 2007 study, researchers showed that mushroom extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus).
Further, the researchers also noted that the dried and freshly frozen mushroom extracts had the most potent antibacterial effects on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus).
Moreover, a 2012 review of the antibacterial activity of mushrooms supports the view that mushrooms have antibacterial properties. The review noted “a higher antimicrobial activity of mushroom extracts against gram-positive bacteria.”
Recent discoveries have created opportunities to develop novel medicines from medicinal mushrooms to control diabetes (Mellitus) and its related complications.
Numerous compounds, including protein complexes, polysaccharides, and dietary fibers extracted from different parts of mushrooms, have shown anti-hyperglycemic activity, albeit via different mechanisms.
Further, mushrooms contain insoluble and soluble fiber, which have been shown to help regulate blood sugar levels. Besides having high water content, mushrooms are also low in fat, meaning fewer calories. These attributes make them great for weight management and managing diabetes.
One of the most worrying issues in medical science right now is the proliferation of resistant strains of pathogens. The ever-strengthening link between drug-resistant microorganisms and nosocomial infections highlights the problem’s magnitude and underpins the need for fast solutions.
Fortunately, this is an area where several different species of mushrooms may help. A 2009 study investigating mushrooms’ antifungal and antibacterial properties found that the Shiitake mushroom manifested broad antimicrobial activity against the majority of pathogens (85%) it was tested on, including 50% of mold and yeast species.
Their antifungal mechanisms have been established (but are beyond the scope of this article) and aptly demonstrate how mushrooms can suppress the progression of HIV and some cancerous cells.
It appears the anti-inflammatory properties of mushrooms are well-established in science. Inflammation is a common denominator in most infections, so controlling it may be central to managing such diseases.
Besides their culinary properties, mushrooms are also recognized for their anti-inflammatory qualities. For instance, researchers demonstrated in a 2011 study that edible oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) possess anti-inflammatory effects that may be harnessed to aid clinical operations.
In particular, researchers discovered that the oyster mushroom concentrate minimized the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in white blood cells exposed to inflammatory stimuli dose-dependently.
Another term for antioxidants is “free-radical scavengers.” These substances can slow or prevent cell damage caused by free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS).
The damage caused by free radicals is essentially waste matter produced in cells due to various body processes and responses. The body’s inability to remove such waste leads to oxidative stress, which is often linked to heart diseases, arthritis, cancer, stroke, neurological disorders, immune deficiency, etc.
Mushrooms such as Antrodia camphorate and Reishi are known to pack plenty of antioxidants and can, therefore, help reduce oxidative stress. These qualities make these mushrooms particularly useful in aiding post-exercise recovery and mitigating the harmful impact of free radicals in the body.
The anti-parasitic properties of medicinal and edible mushrooms have been highlighted in multiple scientific studies.
For example, a 2019 study exploring the potential use of medicinal mushrooms as novel sources for developing anti-parasitic drugs showed that certain mushroom strains exhibited anti-parasitic activity against 50% of the parasites they were tested against.
In another scientific eye-opener, the edible oyster mushroom was shown to have a particular type of immune system protein that kills parasites. This protein—pleurotolysin protein—is toxic and can create pores in cell membranes.
Their mode of action is quite interesting. Individual molecules link up like Lego bricks, forming a ring of 13 molecules on the surface of the target cells. The molecules in the ring then unravel downward, punching microscopic holes through the cell membrane like a cookie cutter.
If the punctures do not kill the target cells, they act as entry points for other toxic substances to get in and get the job done.
The UK Cancer Research Organization is explicit that “there is no evidence that mushrooms or mushroom extracts can prevent or cure cancer.” Nonetheless, the use of mushrooms in places like Japan and China to treat cancer and lung diseases is commonplace.
This is largely attributed to their antioxidant properties, which the National Cancer Institute believes may help prevent cancers of the lungs, breast, and prostate.
Wild mushrooms are believed to be a rich source of vitamin D. Some studies contend that vitamin D supplementation may play a role in preventing some types of cancer, but more research is required to prove this claim.
A meta-analysis of cancer studies published between 1966 and 2020 offers more insight into the relationship between consuming mushrooms and getting cancer. The findings showed that these superfoods might minimize a person’s cancer risk.
According to the review, people who consumed 18 grams of mushrooms daily reduced their risk of cancer by 45% compared to those who did not. This is because mushrooms have high amounts of ergothioneine, a unique cell protector protein and antioxidant.
One of the most proclaimed properties of medicinal mushrooms is their antiviral effects. Different mushroom species have been shown to effectively prevent symptoms of respiratory diseases like the flu and the common cold.
Some derivatives from mushrooms may exhibit antiviral activity against wide-ranging virus strains like COVID-19 and herpes simplex (HSV). So recently, researchers undertook a comparative study investigating the effects of dietary supplements on different COVID-19 illnesses concerning popular mushrooms.
They found that beta-D-glucans, a constituent of mushrooms, suppress viral replication.
Another recent study suggests the numerous bioactive compounds found in mushrooms exert wide-ranging antiviral activity against RNA and DNA viruses.
Researchers believe some mushroom substances could produce antiviral effects, leading to the recommendation that mushrooms could be candidates for for developing antiviral medicines.
The impact of mushrooms’ bioactive compounds on hepatic functions has been the subject of many scientific studies.
In one such study, after inducing acute hepatic toxicity with paracetamol, mushroom extracts from G. frondosa and L. edodes were shown to exert a “significant hepatoprotective effect” by lowering the levels of serum transaminases.
In another scientific inquiry, researchers concluded that mushroom extracts have hepatoprotective properties that may mitigate liver injury occasioned by toxic chemicals. In retrospect, researchers think that the triterpenes, phenolics, peptides, and polysaccharides play a major role in mushrooms’ hepatoprotective qualities.
Mushrooms are rich in proteins, minerals, and nutrients associated with immunomodulatory effects.
It has been demonstrated that mushrooms can boost immune function, regulate humoral and cellular immunity, amplify anti-tumor and antimutagenic action, and revive an immune system compromised by cancer treatments like radiation and chemotherapy.
The main compounds behind mushrooms’ immunomodulatory effects are lectins, proteins, terpenoids, and polysaccharides.
Having dispensed with substantiating mushrooms’ benefits for the immune system, let’s shift focus to mushroom species with known immunomodulatory properties.
These are white, round-shaped mushrooms with long, shaggy needle-like pines. They are trusted to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may help with heart disease, diabetes, and autoimmune conditions.
A 2012 study described this mushroom as having the “fourth highest antioxidant activity,” partly supporting its ability to reduce inflammation and prevent oxidation.
A rat study showed that Lion’s Mane might boost intestinal immunity, while another suggested it promotes the growth of gut bacteria that boost immunity. These two independent findings strongly suggest that mushrooms positively impact the immune system.
Also known as lingzhi, this mushroom is among the most cultivated thanks to its unique pharmaceutical value. Its attributed health benefits include regulating blood sugar levels, immune system modulation, bacteriostasis, and hepatoprotection.
Commonly found on birch trees, Chaga mushrooms have the appearance of burnt wood. This mushroom is a rich source of an antioxidant called superoxide dismutase (SOD), known to reduce the effects of free radicals in the body.
It’s also rich in beta-glucans, a potent and healing polysaccharide noted for its role in helping boost the immune system and reduce glucose levels in the blood.
Turkey Tail mushrooms have an impressive range of immune-boosting benefits. They’re also rich in beta-glucans, a protein-polysaccharide with powerful immune-enhancing properties.
This mushroom also contains prebiotics, which act as food for beneficial gut bacteria—particularly bifidobacterium and acidophilus. These bacteria help in preventing leaky gut syndrome.
Though regarded as a mushroom, Cordyceps is technically a parasitic fungus with a myriad of health-benefiting properties.
It has a rich supply of antioxidants thought to enhance the activity of killer cells and virus-killing proteins. This ability is believed to be the reason behind its effectiveness in helping cure influenza and other types of common colds.
A 2021 study has also shown that a synthetic version of the novel fatty acid (DDEA) found in Chinese Cordyceps attenuates pro-inflammatory responses. It reduces mRNA and cytokine protein levels in specific types of white blood cells (macrophages) and downregulates signaling pathways activated by virus infection sensors (e.g., Retinoic acid-inducible gene [RIG-I], and Toll-like receptor [TLR-3]).
This is a culinary staple in Asia. Shiitake’s immune-boosting properties are attributed to beta-glucans. These polysaccharides boost immunity by increasing the number of natural killer (NK) and immune cells (e.g., T-cells) that fight viruses and infected cells.
According to a 2015 study, regular consumption of shiitake (L. edodes) correlated with improved immunity due to higher cell proliferation and production of slgA (secretory immunoglobulin). These are glycoprotein molecules produced by white blood cells (plasma cells) and are a vital component of the immune response system. They help white blood cells recognize pathogens by binding to specific antigens, e.g., viruses and bacteria, and contribute to their destruction.
So, are you looking to boost your immunity for the sake of your health? Here are some products to try:
Mindhoney Dose: An all-in-one natural supplement that boosts focus, improves mood and mental clarity, and recharges your energy supply. This product is made with medicinal mushrooms (Lion’s Mane, Reishi, Cordyceps, and Chaga) and adaptogenic herbs (L-Theanine, Ashwagandha, and Rhodiola Rosea) and natural nootropics to let you discover the real YOU!
The Raw Botanicals Co. RELAX Softgels: Brimming with CBD, CBC, Ashwagandha, and Lion’s Mane, this award-winning combination is the key to ultimate stress relief and mental clarity. Nano-amplification technology implies higher bioavailability and thus a quicker onset of effects.
Mushroom Revival Energy Cordyceps Capsules: These are your go-to if you seek a more energy-filled day. These Cordyceps capsules are scientifically formulated to supply the energy you need for athletic performance and endurance, better metabolic function, and stress adaptability. Carry them wherever you go!
Wooden Spoon Herbs Mushroom Magic Tincture: This product combines the potent properties of Reishi, Lion’s Mane, and Maitake mushrooms to help you establish a stable equilibrium in your life. Every well-crafted drop of oil is an opportunity to connect with the magic of fungi!
MOJO Macro Mushroom Gummies: Modern life demands more, which is why MOJO soft chews are your best bet for improving your focus and mental clarity twice more! These delicious gummies are made with natural ingredients that support constant energy flow, productivity, and cognitive performance to help you get the best out of life.
VidaCap Mushroom Capsules for Sleep: Whether it’s to sleep better or meet your daily mushroom extract requirements, these capsules get the job done. They pack the potency of Reishi coupled with that of Passion Flower and melatonin extract to suit your health needs.
Earth + Star Functional Mushroom Daily Gummy: This super supplement combines ten potent beneficial mushroom extracts, equating to 2,500 grams of natural goodness to improve performance, brain function, and immunity while alleviating stress.
Mushroom Design Daily: The intentions of nature perfected by science! A balanced combination of mushrooms and vitamins designed to support your immune system, boost your energy levels and enhance cognitive function.
FOCL Day: The perfect blend of Lion’s Mane with premium hemp CBD and energetic adaptogens like Bacopa Monnieri and Rhodiola Rosea to amplify your focus levels and help you easily power through your day!
Peak and Valley Nourish My Brain Blend: An herbal blend that packs powerful adaptogens such as Ashwagandha and mushrooms like Lion’s Mane and Snow Mushroom to help support a clear mind and rejuvenate learning and memory.
Mushroom supplements come in two forms—dried and milled mushroom powder and extracts. The former are typically wholesome and contain all the mushrooms’ bioactive compounds and nutrients. Extracts contain standardized dosages of the mushroom’s compounds.
As is the norm with natural supplements, their benefits and effects are more pronounced when they are used regularly. This may require a steady supply of functional mushrooms and the time and expertise to prepare them.
This is where supplements are convenient. Once you identify a credible seller, you simply restock your supply to maintain your daily dose.
As mentioned above, the effects of medicinal mushrooms are more apparent when used consistently. Luckily, most mushroom supplements can be used daily. In fact, it’s recommended.
The consumption method will vary depending on the type of product you have. With capsules, gummies, or edibles in general, it’s easy to just pop one in your mouth. Tinctures offer that same convenience with the added benefit that they can be mixed into your favorite beverage or even on your food. The same applies to powdered supplements.
Having said this, taking tinctures sublingually (placing a few drops under your tongue) and letting them sit there for 30–45 seconds before swallowing offers the quickest absorption route. This is because the extract goes directly into your bloodstream while, with edibles, it has to go through your digestive tract first.
One way to be consistent with your consumption of mushroom supplements is to try to integrate them into your daily routine, depending on the purpose of the mushroom. For example, add Lion’s Mane to your morning coffee to get more clarity throughout your day, or pair Reishi with your afternoon tea to get those relaxing effects as you unwind and prepare for bed.
Natural supplements are more effective when taken regularly. With mushroom supplements, the benefits usually take two to three weeks to kick in. As little as two grams of mushroom powder is enough for your daily requirements of its bioactive compounds and nutrients.
*This article is provided by an advertiser. Statements made are not meant to offer medical advice nor to diagnose any condition. Any studies cited here may be preliminary, and may or may not be peer reviewed, and may or may not have sufficient participants to be statistically relevant. Anecdotal accounts should not be taken as scientific results. Products discussed in this article are not designed to diagnose, treat, prevent, or cure any disease. The FDA does not evaluate dietary supplements. Consult your doctor about possible interactions, allergies, and if you are considering using natural and/or mushroom supplements for any condition. Individual results will vary.